Biomechanical W h n g Pattern Changes in the Fit and Healthy Elderly

A descriptive study of the biomechanical variables of the walking patterns of the fit and healtky elderly compared with those of young adults revealed several signzficant dzfferences. The walking patterns of 15 elderly subjects, selected for their active life style and screened for any gaitor balance-related pathological conditions, were analyzed. Kinematic and kinetic data for a minimum of 10 repeat walking t~ials were collected using a video digitizing system and a force platform. Basic kinematic analyses and an inverse dynamics model yielded data based on the following variables: temporal and cadence measures, heal and toe trajectories, joint kinematics, joint moments of force, and joint mechanical power generation and absorption. Signzjicant dzfferences between these elderly subjects and a database of young adults revealed the following: the same cadence but a shorter step length, a n increased double-support stance period, decreasedpush-offpower, a more flat-footed landing, and a reduction in their "index of dynamic balance." All of these dzfferences, except reduction in index of dynamic balance, indicate adaptation by the elderly toward a safer, more stable gait pattern. The reduction in index of dynamic balance suggests deterioration in the eficiency of the balance control system during gait. Because of these sign@cant dzfferences attributable to age alone, it is apparent that a separate gait database is needed in order to pinpoint falling disorders of the elderly. /Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS, et al. Biornechanical waking pattern changes in the fit and healthy elderly. Phys Ther 1990; 70:340-3471